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This section contains descriptions of general accounting record types, including accounts, budgets, classes, and terms.
Of the record types in this section, accounts and budgets are the most important. Classes need to be used for every transaction to be of value. Terms are also included here because they are used for both customers (sale cycle) and vendors (purchase cycle). |
Accounts
Budgets
Classes
Terms
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Accounts make up the general ledger and are the most important record type in QuickBooks. Each account acts as an accumulator for transactions posted to it. Asset, Liability, and Equity type accounts have perpetual balances. Balances for Income and Expense type accounts are theoretically reset to zero at the end of each accounting period, with the difference posted to the Equity account.
QuickBooks uses nested accounts, which can be up to up to 5 levels deep. The balance of any nested account is automatically summed to it's parent. There are 15 types of general ledger accounts, broken down as follows: Asset: Bank, Accounts Receivable, Other Current Asset (which normally includes inventory items), Fixed Asset, Other Asset. Liability: Accounts Payable, Credit Card, Other Current Liability, Long Term Liability. Equity: Equity Income: Income, Other Income Expense: Expense, Other Expense, Cost of Goods Sold (similar to type expense) Accounts can optionally use account numbers. There is an option in the file preferences to require account numbers when an account is entered, but most of the time it is not used. |
Fields in record type: Account |
Ver |
Field Name |
Type |
Prop |
IIF Name |
Description |
45- |
nKey |
Long |
PKey |
REFNUM |
Unique account record identifier |
45- |
sAcctType |
S12 |
Req |
ACCNTTYPE |
Account type. One of: "Bank", "AcctRec", "OthCurrAsset", "FixedAsset", "OthAsset", "AcctPay", "CredCard", "OthCurrLiab", "LongTermLiab", "Equity", "Income", "COGS", "Expense", "OthIncome", "OthExpense", "NonPosting". |
45- |
sAcctSort |
S8 |
Req |
- |
String that can be used to sort accounts in same order QB does. Mainly useful for reports. |
45- |
sSpecAcct |
S16 |
Opt |
EXTRA |
Predesignated special account Special accounts are 'marked' accounts QB uses for processing - such as where to debit / credit accounts receivable. |
45- |
sName |
S31 |
Req |
- |
Short account name. Does not include colon separators or names of parent accounts. |
45- |
sFullName |
S159 |
Req |
NAME |
Full name with colon separators and name(s) of parents - if any. Field sName and sFullName will always have the same value if the account is not nested. |
45- |
nNestLevel |
Long |
OptDft0 |
- |
Depth of nesting. If missing, this is a root (has no parent) account. |
45- |
kParent |
Long |
FKeyOpt |
- |
Key of parent account - which is in this set of records |
45- |
sDescr |
S29 |
Opt |
DESC |
Brief description of account |
45- |
sAcctNum |
S7 |
Opt |
ACCNUM |
Account number - optional There is a settings flag to indicate if account numbers are being used (bAcctNumbers). If account numbers are not being used, there is no guarantee that each account will have a number. Any numbers that exist are returned, even if not used - however there is no enforced scheme for what the user entered numbers are. |
45- |
mBalance |
Curr |
OptDft0 |
OBAMOUNT |
Current balance of account Current balance of this account - the sum of all debits and credits to this account for all transactions posted to it. In the QB import / export (IIF) help file documentation, this is mistakenly listed as the opening balance of the account. QBooks Office also exports the current balance of income and expense accounts - even though they are never displayed by QB. |
45- |
sNote |
S25 |
Opt |
BANKNUM |
Miscellaneous, such as bank number |
45- |
nTaxLine |
Long |
Opt |
SCD |
US income tax form line assigned to account. See Intuit file BUSTAX.SCD (supplied with QB) to associate this number with the specific tax form and line number. |
45- |
sLastDocNum |
S11 |
Opt |
- |
Last doc created, such as last check number. Only used with accounts that automatically sequence transaction document numbers - such as checking accounts, invoices, and purchase orders. |
-5- |
dLastOnline |
Date |
Opt |
- |
Date of last online connection to bank. Applies to online accounts only. |
-5- |
bInactive |
Bool |
OptDftF |
HIDDEN |
T if currently inactive. (Inactive checkbox is checked) |
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QBooks Office Overview
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Budgets are used to enter projected income and expenses or projected account balances by month.
Each budget record has projected amounts for a full year. The kAcct and nYear fields are always present - and they can optionally be further broken down by customer:job and/or class. All months do not need to be filled in. Budget amounts do not affect transaction processing. They are only used for reports and graphs. |
Fields in record type: Budget |
Ver |
Field Name |
Type |
Prop |
IIF Name |
Description |
-45 |
nKey |
Long |
PKey |
- |
Unique budget item identifier - never externally referenced |
-45 |
kAcct |
Long |
FKeyReq |
ACCNT |
Key of account these budget amounts are for. |
-45 |
nYear |
Long |
Req |
STARTDATE? |
Year |
-45 |
kCustJob |
Long |
FKeyOpt |
CUSTOMER |
Key of customer or job |
-45 |
kClass |
Long |
FKeyOpt |
CLASS |
Key of class these budget amounts apply to. |
-45 |
mPeriod1 |
Curr |
Opt |
AMOUNT |
Budgeted dollar amount - 1st period |
-45 |
mPeriod2 |
Curr |
Opt |
AMOUNT |
Budgeted dollar amount - 2nd period |
-45 |
mPeriod3 |
Curr |
Opt |
AMOUNT |
Budgeted dollar amount - 3rd period |
-45 |
mPeriod4 |
Curr |
Opt |
AMOUNT |
Budgeted dollar amount - 4th period |
-45 |
mPeriod5 |
Curr |
Opt |
AMOUNT |
Budgeted dollar amount - 5th period |
-45 |
mPeriod6 |
Curr |
Opt |
AMOUNT |
Budgeted dollar amount - 6th period |
-45 |
mPeriod7 |
Curr |
Opt |
AMOUNT |
Budgeted dollar amount - 7th period |
-45 |
mPeriod8 |
Curr |
Opt |
AMOUNT |
Budgeted dollar amount - 8th period |
-45 |
mPeriod9 |
Curr |
Opt |
AMOUNT |
Budgeted dollar amount - 9th period |
-45 |
mPeriod10 |
Curr |
Opt |
AMOUNT |
Budgeted dollar amount - 10th period |
-45 |
mPeriod11 |
Curr |
Opt |
AMOUNT |
Budgeted dollar amount - 11th period |
-45 |
mPeriod12 |
Curr |
Opt |
AMOUNT |
Budgeted dollar amount - 12th period |
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QBooks Office Overview
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Classes are used in QuickBooks® to group transactions so reports can have dollar amounts separated by department, division, location, or any other user defined grouping.
If and how they are used is not critical and there are no enforcement mechanisms in QuickBooks® to ensure they are entered. In most of the data files we have examined, they are either not used at all or used on some transactions - which makes them useless for reporting. |
Fields in record type: Class |
Ver |
Field Name |
Type |
Prop |
IIF Name |
Description |
-45 |
nKey |
Long |
PKey |
REFNUM |
Unique class record identifier |
-45 |
sName |
S31 |
Req |
- |
Short name of this class. Does not include colon separators or names of parent classes. |
-45 |
sFullName |
S159 |
Req |
NAME |
Full name with colon separators - w/ name(s) of parents if any |
-45 |
nNestLevel |
Long |
OptDft0 |
- |
Depth of nesting. Parent (root) if missing |
-45 |
kParent |
Long |
FKeyOpt |
- |
Key of parent in this set of records |
--5 |
bInactive |
Bool |
OptDftF |
HIDDEN |
T if currently inactive (Inactive checkbox is checked) |
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QBooks Office Overview
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Terms are payment terms that can apply to both receivables owed by customers and payables owed to vendors. There are 2 categories of terms - date driven, where payment is due by a certain day of the month, and days driven where payment is due within a specific number of days. Terms affect transaction processing in that dates are set in transaction documents based on terms that were selected when the document was initially created. |
Fields in record type: Terms |
Ver |
Field Name |
Type |
Prop |
IIF Name |
Description |
-45 |
nKey |
Long |
PKey |
REFNUM |
Unique terms (for customer or vendor) record identifier |
-45 |
sName |
S31 |
Req |
NAME |
Name used for terms |
-45 |
bDateDriven |
Bool |
Opt |
TERMSTYPE |
T if for date driven terms where payment to be made by a certain date of the month. Otherwise, payment is to be made within a specific number of days. |
-45 |
nDueDays |
Long |
Opt |
DUEDAYS |
Number of days in which payment is due. If bDateDriven = T, this is the day of the month on which payment is due. |
-45 |
rDiscPercent |
Curr |
Opt |
DISCPER |
Discount percentage for early payment |
-45 |
nDiscDays |
Long |
Opt |
DISCDAYS |
Number of days by which early payment gets the qDiscPercent discount |
-45 |
nMinDays |
Long |
Opt |
MINDAYS |
Applies to date driven only |
--5 |
bInactive |
Bool |
OptDftF |
HIDDEN |
T if currently inactive (Inactive checkbox is checked) |